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1 inner structure
Метрология: внутренняя структура -
2 inner
inner ['ɪnə(r)]∎ the inner wall of the stomach la paroi interne de l'estomac;∎ Inner London Londres intra-muros;∎ in the inner circles of power dans les milieux proches du pouvoir;∎ her inner circle of advisers/friends le cercle de ses conseillers/amis les plus proches∎ inner calm paix f intérieure;∎ the inner meaning le sens profond;2 noun(in archery, darts) = zone rouge entourant le centre de la cible;∎ he got three inners il a mis trois fois dans le rouge►► Psychology the inner child l'enfant mf qui est en nous;inner city = quartier défavorisé dans le centre d'une grande ville;Anatomy inner ear oreille f interne;Geography Inner Hebrides Hébrides fpl intérieures;Geography Inner Mongolia Mongolie-Intérieure f;∎ in Inner Mongolia en Mongolie-Intérieure;the Inner Temple = association d'étudiants en droit et d'avocats, ainsi que les bâtiments londoniens où elle siège;inner tube (of tyre) chambre f à air -
3 inner...
Adj.2. (seelisch) inner; (geistig) mental; das innere Auge one’s mind’s eye; ohne inneren Halt very insecure; innerer Konflikt inner conflict; einen inneren Konflikt haben be torn; innerer Monolog LIT. interior monolog(ue); innere Ordnung internal order; innere Unruhe agitation; innere Uhr body clock, fachspr. circadian rhythms; innere Ruhe peace of mind; innere Stimme inner voice, voice inside ( oder within) one; innerer Wert intrinsic value; innerer Widerspruch inconsistency3. POL. internal, domestic* * *Adjektiv; nicht präd1) inner; internal <organs, structure, stability, etc.>; inside <pocket, lane>2) (inländisch) internal* * *Adjektiv; nicht präd1) inner; internal <organs, structure, stability, etc.>; inside <pocket, lane>2) (inländisch) internal -
4 Inner Fixed Structure
Авиация: внутренняя неподвижная конструкция ((гондолы), IFS) -
5 inner ear structure
Авиационная медицина: строение внутреннего уха, структура внутреннего уха -
6 inner ear structure
Англо-русский словарь по авиационной медицине > inner ear structure
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7 framing provides a structure to which the outer and inner planking is secured
Универсальный англо-русский словарь > framing provides a structure to which the outer and inner planking is secured
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8 framing provides a structure to which the outer and inner plating is secured
Универсальный англо-русский словарь > framing provides a structure to which the outer and inner plating is secured
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9 V-grooved Inner-strip structure
Англо-русский словарь промышленной и научной лексики > V-grooved Inner-strip structure
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10 внутренняя структура
1) Geology: internal structure2) Military: domestic structure3) Engineering: bulk (напр. полупроводника)4) Telecommunications: inner pattern5) Information technology: underlying structure6) Metrology: inner structure7) Makarov: infrastructureУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > внутренняя структура
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11 intimo
1. adj intimate( segreto) private( accogliente) cosy, AE cozyamico close, intimate2. m persona close friend, intimate( abbigliamento) underwear* * *intimo agg.1 (stretto, confidenziale) intimate, close: un amico intimo, a close (o intimate) friend; una relazione intima, a close relationship // una cena intima, an intimate dinner // essere in intimi rapporti con qlcu., to have a close (o intimate) relationship with s.o. // avere rapporti intimi con qlcu., to have a sexual relationship with s.o.2 (privato, segreto) private, intimate: è stata una cerimonia intima, it was a private ceremony; una conversazione intima, a private (o intimate) conversation // vita intima, private life // igiene intima, personal hygiene // biancheria intima, underwear3 (accogliente) intimate: ambiente intimo, intimate interior; la tua camera è molto intima, your bedroom's very intimate4 (il più profondo, il più segreto) intimate; inner, innermost, inmost (attr.): intima felicità, inner happiness; i pensieri intimi, innermost (o inmost) thoughts; la struttura intima dell'atomo, the inner structure of the atom; l'intimo significato di una frase, the inner meaning of a phrase; le intime ragioni di una scelta, the inner reasons for a choice5 (profondo) profound, deep: un'intima convinzione, a profound conviction; un intimo dolore, a deep sorrow; le intime viscere della terra, the bowels of the earth◆ s.m.1 (amico) close friend, intimate (friend): la cerimonia sarà per pochi intimi, the ceremony will be for a few close friends2 (animo) soul, hearth: nell'intimo ne sono sicuro, in my heart I am sure of it3 (parte interna, intima) bottom: dall'intimo del mio cuore, from the bottom of my heart; nell'intimo è un buon uomo, at bottom he is a good man.* * *['intimo] intimo (-a)1. agg(amico) close, intimate, (affetti, vita) private, (gioia, dolore) deep, (cerimonia) quiet, (atmosfera) cosy, intimate, (igiene) personalparti intime — (genitali) private parts
rapporti intimi — (sessuali) intimate relations
2. sm1) (persona) close friend2)3) (biancheria intima) underwear, (per donna) lingeriesaldi del 30% sull'intimo uomo — 30% reductions on men's underwear
* * *['intimo] 1.2) (relativo agli organi sessuali, alla sessualità) [ igiene] personalbiancheria -a — underwear, underclothes; (da donna) lingerie
3) (tra familiari, amici) [festa, cerimonia] private; [ cena] quiet, intimate4) (confortevole) [stanza, atmosfera] cosy, intimate5) (profondo) [ conoscenza] deep, intimate2.sostantivo maschile (f. -a)1) (amico) intimate, familiar3) (biancheria) underwear, underclothes; (da donna) lingerie* * *intimo/'intimo/2 (relativo agli organi sessuali, alla sessualità) [ igiene] personal; parti -e private parts; biancheria -a underwear, underclothes; (da donna) lingerie; rapporti -i intimacy3 (tra familiari, amici) [ festa, cerimonia] private; [ cena] quiet, intimate4 (confortevole) [ stanza, atmosfera] cosy, intimate5 (profondo) [ conoscenza] deep, intimate( f. -a)1 (amico) intimate, familiar; una festa tra -i o per pochi -i a party for a few close friends3 (biancheria) underwear, underclothes; (da donna) lingerie. -
12 Computers
The brain has been compared to a digital computer because the neuron, like a switch or valve, either does or does not complete a circuit. But at that point the similarity ends. The switch in the digital computer is constant in its effect, and its effect is large in proportion to the total output of the machine. The effect produced by the neuron varies with its recovery from [the] refractory phase and with its metabolic state. The number of neurons involved in any action runs into millions so that the influence of any one is negligible.... Any cell in the system can be dispensed with.... The brain is an analogical machine, not digital. Analysis of the integrative activities will probably have to be in statistical terms. (Lashley, quoted in Beach, Hebb, Morgan & Nissen, 1960, p. 539)It is essential to realize that a computer is not a mere "number cruncher," or supercalculating arithmetic machine, although this is how computers are commonly regarded by people having no familiarity with artificial intelligence. Computers do not crunch numbers; they manipulate symbols.... Digital computers originally developed with mathematical problems in mind, are in fact general purpose symbol manipulating machines....The terms "computer" and "computation" are themselves unfortunate, in view of their misleading arithmetical connotations. The definition of artificial intelligence previously cited-"the study of intelligence as computation"-does not imply that intelligence is really counting. Intelligence may be defined as the ability creatively to manipulate symbols, or process information, given the requirements of the task in hand. (Boden, 1981, pp. 15, 16-17)The task is to get computers to explain things to themselves, to ask questions about their experiences so as to cause those explanations to be forthcoming, and to be creative in coming up with explanations that have not been previously available. (Schank, 1986, p. 19)In What Computers Can't Do, written in 1969 (2nd edition, 1972), the main objection to AI was the impossibility of using rules to select only those facts about the real world that were relevant in a given situation. The "Introduction" to the paperback edition of the book, published by Harper & Row in 1979, pointed out further that no one had the slightest idea how to represent the common sense understanding possessed even by a four-year-old. (Dreyfus & Dreyfus, 1986, p. 102)A popular myth says that the invention of the computer diminishes our sense of ourselves, because it shows that rational thought is not special to human beings, but can be carried on by a mere machine. It is a short stop from there to the conclusion that intelligence is mechanical, which many people find to be an affront to all that is most precious and singular about their humanness.In fact, the computer, early in its career, was not an instrument of the philistines, but a humanizing influence. It helped to revive an idea that had fallen into disrepute: the idea that the mind is real, that it has an inner structure and a complex organization, and can be understood in scientific terms. For some three decades, until the 1940s, American psychology had lain in the grip of the ice age of behaviorism, which was antimental through and through. During these years, extreme behaviorists banished the study of thought from their agenda. Mind and consciousness, thinking, imagining, planning, solving problems, were dismissed as worthless for anything except speculation. Only the external aspects of behavior, the surface manifestations, were grist for the scientist's mill, because only they could be observed and measured....It is one of the surprising gifts of the computer in the history of ideas that it played a part in giving back to psychology what it had lost, which was nothing less than the mind itself. In particular, there was a revival of interest in how the mind represents the world internally to itself, by means of knowledge structures such as ideas, symbols, images, and inner narratives, all of which had been consigned to the realm of mysticism. (Campbell, 1989, p. 10)[Our artifacts] only have meaning because we give it to them; their intentionality, like that of smoke signals and writing, is essentially borrowed, hence derivative. To put it bluntly: computers themselves don't mean anything by their tokens (any more than books do)-they only mean what we say they do. Genuine understanding, on the other hand, is intentional "in its own right" and not derivatively from something else. (Haugeland, 1981a, pp. 32-33)he debate over the possibility of computer thought will never be won or lost; it will simply cease to be of interest, like the previous debate over man as a clockwork mechanism. (Bolter, 1984, p. 190)t takes us a long time to emotionally digest a new idea. The computer is too big a step, and too recently made, for us to quickly recover our balance and gauge its potential. It's an enormous accelerator, perhaps the greatest one since the plow, twelve thousand years ago. As an intelligence amplifier, it speeds up everything-including itself-and it continually improves because its heart is information or, more plainly, ideas. We can no more calculate its consequences than Babbage could have foreseen antibiotics, the Pill, or space stations.Further, the effects of those ideas are rapidly compounding, because a computer design is itself just a set of ideas. As we get better at manipulating ideas by building ever better computers, we get better at building even better computers-it's an ever-escalating upward spiral. The early nineteenth century, when the computer's story began, is already so far back that it may as well be the Stone Age. (Rawlins, 1997, p. 19)According to weak AI, the principle value of the computer in the study of the mind is that it gives us a very powerful tool. For example, it enables us to formulate and test hypotheses in a more rigorous and precise fashion than before. But according to strong AI the computer is not merely a tool in the study of the mind; rather the appropriately programmed computer really is a mind in the sense that computers given the right programs can be literally said to understand and have other cognitive states. And according to strong AI, because the programmed computer has cognitive states, the programs are not mere tools that enable us to test psychological explanations; rather, the programs are themselves the explanations. (Searle, 1981b, p. 353)What makes people smarter than machines? They certainly are not quicker or more precise. Yet people are far better at perceiving objects in natural scenes and noting their relations, at understanding language and retrieving contextually appropriate information from memory, at making plans and carrying out contextually appropriate actions, and at a wide range of other natural cognitive tasks. People are also far better at learning to do these things more accurately and fluently through processing experience.What is the basis for these differences? One answer, perhaps the classic one we might expect from artificial intelligence, is "software." If we only had the right computer program, the argument goes, we might be able to capture the fluidity and adaptability of human information processing. Certainly this answer is partially correct. There have been great breakthroughs in our understanding of cognition as a result of the development of expressive high-level computer languages and powerful algorithms. However, we do not think that software is the whole story.In our view, people are smarter than today's computers because the brain employs a basic computational architecture that is more suited to deal with a central aspect of the natural information processing tasks that people are so good at.... hese tasks generally require the simultaneous consideration of many pieces of information or constraints. Each constraint may be imperfectly specified and ambiguous, yet each can play a potentially decisive role in determining the outcome of processing. (McClelland, Rumelhart & Hinton, 1986, pp. 3-4)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Computers
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13 crystal lattice
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14 lattice
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15 bestedingsbeperking
n. act of cutting back, curtailment; reduction, diminishment; inner structure that serves as a second line of defense within a fort -
16 внутреннее строение Земли
…theoretical value for the same point calculated on certain assumptions about the Earth's inner structure.Русско-английский словарь по космонавтике > внутреннее строение Земли
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17 вычисленный
…theoretical value for the same point calculated on certain assumptions about the Earth's inner structure. -
18 при тех или иных предположениях о
…theoretical (normal) value for the same point calculated on certain assumptions about the Earth's inner structure.Русско-английский словарь по космонавтике > при тех или иных предположениях о
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19 interne
interne [ɛ̃tεʀn]1. adjective[partie, politique, organe, hémorragie] internal ; [oreille] inner2. masculine noun, feminine nouna. ( = élève) boarder* * *ɛ̃tɛʀn
1.
1) ( intérieur) [crise, règlement, concours] internal; [formation] in-house (épith)2) Anatomie, Médecine [paroi, organe, hémorragie] internal; [oreille] inner
2.
1) École boarder2) Universitéinterne (en médecine) — houseman GB, intern US
* * *ɛ̃tɛʀn1. adj(hémorragie, dissensions) internalen interne (= dans l'entreprise) — internally
2. nm/fÉDUCATION boarder, MÉDECINE houseman Grande-Bretagne intern USA* * *A adj1 ( à l'intérieur) [crise, règlement, document, concours] internal; [cours, formation] in-house ( épith); interne à within; la crise interne au parti the crisis within the party;2 Méd ( dans le corps) [paroi, organe, hémorragie] internal; Anat [oreille] inner; médecine interne internal medicine; à usage interne for internal use;B nmf1 Scol boarder; je suis interne I'm a boarder;[ɛ̃tɛrn] adjectif[intérieur - paroi] internal, inside ; [ - face] internal ; [ - raison, cause, logique] internal, inner ; [ - conflit] internal ; [ - personnel] in-house[hémorragie, organe] internalil a fallu radiographier le côté interne de la jambe/du pied the inner part of the leg/foot had to be X-rayed————————[ɛ̃tɛrn] nom masculin et féminin1. MÉDECINEen interne locution adverbialedans l'entreprisein-house, on an in-house basis -
20 Innere
n; -n und Innern, kein Pl.1. räumlich: interior (auch Geog.), inside; (Mitte) heart, core, cent|re (Am. -er); im Inneren inside; eines Landes: in the interior; POL. on the home front; Minister des Inneren Innenminister2. fig. eines Menschen: inner being; (Geist) mind, heart, soul; im Inneren at heart, secretly; tief im Inneren fig. deep down (inside); ich würde gern wissen, was in seinem Inneren so vor sich geht what’s going on inside him, what’s going through his mind ( oder head)—f; -n, -n; MED., umg.1. internal medicine2. Abteilung: in der Inneren arbeiten / liegen umg. work in internal medicine / be in an internal ward* * *das Innereentrails; interior; inside* * *Ịn|ne|re(s) ['ɪnərə]nt decl as adj1) inside; (von Kirche, Wagen, Schloss) interior, inside; (= Mitte) middle, centre (Brit), center (US)Minister des Inner(e)n — minister of the interior; (in GB) Home Secretary; (in den USA) Secretary of the Interior
das Innere nach außen kehren — to turn something inside out
ich wusste, was in seinem Inneren vorging — I knew what was going on inside him
sein Inneres rebellierte dagegen — his inner self rebelled against it
im tiefsten Inneren — (deep) in one's heart, in one's heart of hearts
* * *das1) (the inner side, or the part or space within: The inside of this apple is quite rotten.) inside2) ((in plural) the inside of something, especially when deep: the bowels of the earth.) bowel3) (the inside of a building etc: The interior of the house was very attractive.) interior4) (the part of a country away from the coast, borders etc: The explorers landed on the coast, and then travelled into the interior.) interior* * *in·ne·re(r, s)[ˈɪnərə, ˈɪnərɐ, ˈnərəs]die \inneren Wände wurden komplett entfernt the inner walls were completely removed2. MED, ANAT internal4. POL internal5. PSYCH inner\innere Spannung/Ruhe inner tension/calm* * *das; adj. Dekl.; o. Pl1) inside; (eines Gebäudes, Wagens, Schiffes) interior; inside; (eines Landes) interior2) (Empfindung) inner beingin seinem tiefsten Inneren — in his heart of hearts; deep [down] inside
3) (Kern) heart* * *Innere1 n; -n und Innern, kein plim Inneren at heart, secretly;was in seinem Inneren so vor sich geht what’s going on inside him, what’s going through his mind ( oder head)Innere2 f; -n, -n; MED, umg1. internal medicine2. Abteilung:in der Inneren arbeiten/liegen umg work in internal medicine/be in an internal ward* * *das; adj. Dekl.; o. Pl1) inside; (eines Gebäudes, Wagens, Schiffes) interior; inside; (eines Landes) interior2) (Empfindung) inner beingin seinem tiefsten Inneren — in his heart of hearts; deep [down] inside
3) (Kern) heart* * *n.inside n.
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